Gravitational Acceleration
In QA theory, gravity arises from small variations in the speed of energy (c) as it propagates through space. These variations are influenced by the impedance and viscosity of space, both of which are determined by the electromagnetic properties of the vacuum, represented by μ0 and ε0.
Interacting Massless Energy Fields and Flux Path Dynamics
CA proposes that gravitational effects arise from energy flow rather than mass.
Experimental support comes from interactions between massless electromagnetic fields in vacuum, such as in directional antennas, resonant cavities, and Faraday Rotation.
These interactions demonstrate that energy density alone can create gravitational effects, aligning with CA’s premise that gravity emerges from structured energy propagation rather than mass-induced spacetime curvature.
Energy-Momentum for Massless Systems
Einstein’s energy-momentum equation:
E2 = m2 * c4 + p2 * c2
This equation accounts for both rest energy (mc²) and momentum-based energy (p²c²).
When considering massless energy flux (setting m=0), the equation simplifies to energy as a function of momentum and propagation speed.
E = pc
Here, energy (E) depends only on momentum (p) and the speed of propagation (c), not mass. This supports CA’s focus on energy propagation as the basis for gravitational effects.
Electromagnetic Propagation and Speed
Maxwell’s Definition of Speed of Energy:
c2 = 1/μ0ε0
Einstein’s Equivalence:
E = mc2
Rewriting Einstein’s Equation in Terms of Electromagnetic Properties:
E = m(1/μ0ε0)
Where:
μ0,ε0: Local field parameters influencing energy speed.
CA posits that variations in these properties across space create gradients in energy propagation speed, driving gravitational acceleration.
Gravitational Acceleration
Interpret c as a local speed influenced by field parameters, and Gv as an effective acceleration (m/s²) requires a scaling factor (e.g., time or energy flux rate):
Gv = – c(dc/ dx)
Normal units: (m/s)⋅(s−1)=m/s2, consistent with acceleration.
Define gravitational acceleration Gv as the spatial gradient of energy propagation speed:
Gv= – dc/dx
Where:
Gv represents the rate of gravitational acceleration vector,
dc: Differential in speed of energy
dx: Differential spatial displacement
Explanation: c=1/μ0ε0 is typically constant, but CA assumes μ0 and ε0 vary locally due to energy density differences. A decreasing c (slower energy propagation) over distance (x) produces a positive acceleration toward regions of higher energy density or slower c.
This represents how gravitational effects result from variations in energy flow rather than from mass curvature.
Gravity as an Energy Equilibrium Gradient
Gravity is redefined as the tendency of energy to flow toward equilibrium. Regions with higher energy density (or altered μ0,ε0) slow energy propagation, creating a gradient. Objects move along this gradient not because of their mass, but because they’re carried by the energy flux—explaining Galileo’s mass-independent acceleration.
Where Gv is acceleration, and c=1/μ0ε0 drops as energy density rises (negative gradient pulls downward). CA scales like GR:
Δc/c ≈ gh/c2
Integration with State of the Art
Galileo
Galileo’s inclined plane experiments demonstrated a fundamental principle: the acceleration due to gravity is constant (approximately 9.8 m/s² on Earth) and independent of an object’s mass.
The Charge Admittance (CA) model provides a reinterpretation that directly supports this observation. In CA, gravitational acceleration (Gv) is defined as the negative spatial gradient of the speed of energy (dc/dx). This means that Gv is determined by the spatial variation of the energy field, not the mass of the object.
Specifically:
The equation Gv = -dc/dx shows that acceleration depends solely on the spatial variation of ‘c’ (the speed of energy), not on the object’s properties.
Objects fall at the same rate because the driving force is the energy field’s spatial variation, aligning with Galileo’s findings.
Even massless energy flux, such as electromagnetic waves, can induce motion, and material objects follow the same energy gradient. This reinforces Galileo’s principle of universality, that “gravity is an acceleration that acts on all objects, regardless of their mass.
Newton
“Every particle attracts every other particle with a force proportional to the product of their masses.”
CA Alignment: Newton’s law (F=G(m1m2)/r2) assumes mass as the source. CA eliminates mass, suggesting the observed “attraction” is a misinterpretation of energy flux gradients.
The m1m2 term could be replaced by energy densities (E1E2), but CA avoids forces altogether, framing gravity as acceleration due to dc/dx
Einstein:
“The curvature of spacetime is directly related to the energy and momentum of matter.”
CA Departure: Einstein includes energy and momentum (via the stress-energy tensor), encompassing mass via E=mc2.
CA rejects spacetime curvature, attributing gravitational effects solely to energy propagation dynamics. It aligns with Einstein’s energy focus but discards mass and geometric warping.
Fixed Model Evaluation
Strengths
Mass Elimination: By defining Gv=−c(dcdx), mass is absent from the gravitational mechanism, fulfilling the goal. Galileo’s observation is naturally explained.
Challenges
Variable c: Assuming c varies spatially contradicts special relativity’s constancy of light speed. CA must propose a mechanism (e.g., energy density altering μ0,ε0) and test it experimentally.
Conclusion
The CA Gravity Mathematics eliminates mass from the gravity mechanism, aligning with Galileo’s mass-independent acceleration. By redefining gravity as Gv=−c(dc/dx) —an energy propagation gradient—it offers a conceptually consistent alternative to Newton and Einstein. However, it hinges on unproven assumptions (variable c, electromagnetic mediation of gravity). It “holds up” as a theoretical construct supporting Galileo’s insight, but to prove mass’s irrelevance definitively, it must match GR’s precision (e.g., planetary orbits, time dilation) with a mass-free model.
For now, it’s a promising hypothesis needing rigorous development and testing.