Charge Admittance – Committed to honest inquiry, without bias of science for money.

What is Gravity?

Overview:

What began as a retirement curiosity—an old question with no satisfying answer—soon became a deep exploration of the foundations of physics: What is gravity, really?

This inquiry didn’t stay a hobby for long. With decades of experience designing and building mass spectrometers, ion implanters, and medical cyclotrons, I had spent a career working with the behavior of charged particles. I was fortunate to learn from some of the brightest minds in the field, and fortunate, too, to be able to think alongside them—to intuit the flow of electrons, not just as abstractions, but as if I were walking in step with the charges themselves.

This site explores a bold reinterpretation of physical law, grounded in decades of work with charged particle systems. At its core is the concept of Charge Admittance — the idea that energy flow through the electromagnetic medium, governed by permittivity and permeability, defines the structure of time, space, and gravity.

This view challenges conventional physics: rather than mass curving spacetime, gravity emerges from variations in temporal impedance. Rather than particles being fundamental, charge behavior is primary.

That intuitive connection became central to what came next. The more I pursued gravity, the more I realized this wasn’t a matter of engineering a new instrument—it was about uncovering the underlying principles that make the instruments work in the first place.

What follows is not a theory, but a process of discovery — documented across hundreds of investigations — into the real architecture of the universe.

See CA for beginners →

Introduction:

A Different Beginning: Charge, Not Mass

Early in the exploration, a key idea emerged: the fundamental origin of physical phenomena might not be mass, but charge. Not a particle, but the behavior of charge itself—its capacity to move, to interact, and to shape the structures we observe.

From this came a concept we now call Charge Admittance.

This idea proposes that before gravity, before even space and time as we understand them, there is the capacity of the universe to admit charge—to allow it to exist, move, and interact. Charge Admittance is not a metaphor. It is a measurable dynamic, rooted in the spatial and temporal variations of permittivity (ε₀) and permeability (μ₀), the properties that govern how energy propagates.

A Different Mechanism: Gradient, Not Force

These variations don’t create curvature in space as general relativity suggests. Instead, they create gradients—of impedance, delay, and phase coherence—shaping how energy moves through what we perceive as time and space.

Gradient—a physical or temporal difference—is the first condition necessary for energy to exist. Without a distinction, there is no basis for flow, no directionality, no frame from which energy can emerge.

It was only after living near a river that the importance of gradient truly clicked for me. The river doesn’t flow because of a mysterious force—it flows because of a difference. A change in elevation. A gradient. Without it, there is no flow, no direction, no energy. This same principle applies to the universe at its most fundamental level: nothing happens without difference. No gradient, no energy. No energy, no time. No time, no space.

A New Order of Emergence

This leads us to a new hierarchy—a reordered view of how fundamental concepts emerge:

Gradient > Charge > Energy > Time > Space > Gravity

In this framework:

If there is no difference, everything is the same, there is no information, nothing exists.
The smallest difference we can measure is the charge.
A difference in charge means something moved.
Something moving implies space and time.
The speed of light (c) arises from local field properties.
Gravity (G_v) is reinterpreted as a temporal gradient in the field, governed by how ε₀ and μ₀ vary over time.

Charge Admittance (CA) overturns conventional physics by reordering the very structure of reality. It replaces the metaphor of spacetime curvature with a field-dynamic model rooted in the behavior of energy as it flows through an electromagnetic medium. Where General Relativity begins with mass curving spacetime, CA begins with energy defining time — and from that, everything else emerges.

See CA vs GR comparison here →

History

The understanding of gravity has undergone profound transformations, marked by three pivotal conceptual frameworks that define its evolution through the ages.

Galileo: Gravity acts equally on all bodies, regardless of mass.
Newton: Gravity is a force of attraction between masses.
Einstein: Gravity is the curvature of spacetime induced by mass.
Maxwell: Electromagnetic field behavior arises from local variations in ε₀ and μ₀—suggesting that gravity may emerge from impedance gradients within a structured energy medium.

Each model describes gravitational effects within a certain scope, but none fully unifies fundamental forces or resolves anomalies like dark matter, dark energy, or galactic rotation curves.

See detailed history here →

State of the Art Review

Modern physics is supported by two foundational frameworks:

General Relativity explains gravity as spacetime curvature.
Quantum Field Theory describes the other forces via quantized fields.

Despite their successes, these models:

Do not unify all four fundamental forces,
Fail to explain the origin of constants like ε₀, μ₀, or c,
And require patchwork fixes like dark matter and energy.

Read Full Review →

Postulates: Rethinking the Foundations

These postulates reframe physics by grounding all physical behavior in energy flow and field structure, not substance or curvature:

Energy: The root. All structure originates from field asymmetries.
Time: A local rate of energy propagation, shaped by ε₀ and μ₀.
Space: A map of temporal coherence; distance is delay.
Gravity: A gradient in propagation rate (∇c) creates a charge flow vector, not spacetime curvature.

This sequence forms the CA Emergence Chain, offering a unified path from structured field dynamics to the material complexity of molecular systems.

NEW POSTULATE: A Universe of One Charge
In the CA model, there is no “positive” or “negative” charge—only one fundamental charge behavior, expressed differently by context. What we perceive as opposite charges are likely just field-relative directions of relaxation, not true dualities.
This reframing may eliminate the need for antimatter symmetry, resolve persistent paradoxes in field theory, and provide a fresh explanation for why all known charges are quantized identically.

See Concepts here →

CA Mechanics: The Field Behind Reality

Charge Admittance (CA) reframes all classical “forces” — not as interactions between objects — but as behaviors of energy navigating a structured field medium. In this model:

Time is not a backdrop, but the rate of change in energy propagation.
Space is not a container, but a pattern of delayed coherence.

What governs all of this? The behavior of permittivity (ε₀) and permeability (μ₀), traditionally thought of as constants — but here, allowed to vary locally.

Where traditional physics sees entropy as disorder, CA interprets it as coherence loss — the breakdown of energy phase alignment across the field. Read how entropy shapes time and structure →

Key Mathematical Relations

Speed of Light as Local Field Behavior

Light speed isn’t a cosmic speed limit — it’s a local material property:

$c(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\mu_0(x) \, \varepsilon_0(x)}}$

Gravitational Flow as Light-Speed Gradient

The gravitational field as a function of energy density variation:

$G_v = -\frac{d(\varepsilon_0 \mu_0)}{dx}$

Gravitational Conservation:

In zones of no energy flow, there is no gravity:

$G_v = -\frac{d(\varepsilon_0 \mu_0)}{dx} \quad \Rightarrow \quad \text{If } \frac{d(\varepsilon_0 \mu_0)}{dx} = 0, \text{ then } G_v = 0$

Time as Energy Propagation Through Field

Time flows only when energy flows:

$\frac{d\tau}{dt} \propto \frac{d(\varepsilon_0 \mu_0)}{dx}$

Time Conservation:

In zones of no energy flow, time effectively halts:

$\frac{d\tau}{dt} \propto \frac{d(\varepsilon_0 \mu_0)}{dx} \quad \Rightarrow \quad \text{If } \frac{d(\varepsilon_0 \mu_0)}{dx} = 0, \text{ then } \frac{d\tau}{dt} = 0$

Why CA Matters

CA isn’t just a theoretical curiosity — it solves the disconnection between:

General Relativity, where gravity is geometry
Quantum Mechanics, where everything is probability
Field Theory, where forces emerge from exchanges

CA unifies them by treating energy flow, delay, and coherence as first principles, not consequences.

In the CA View…

Framework	Reinterpreted as…
General Relativity	Emergent curvature from large-scale ∇(ε₀, μ₀) gradients
Quantum Mechanics	Coherent confinement of phase = standing wave packets in permittivity channels
Standard Model Forces	Local variations in charge admittance over scale and geometry

What Gravity Really Is

Gravity is the natural flow of energy along impedance gradients in the structured field:

$\vec{g} = -\nabla\left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon_0 \mu_0}\right)$

This view suggests gravity arises wherever there is differential permission for energy to propagate — not because mass is present, but because the medium allows energy to move differently.

For Explorers, Not Tourists

CA is not a minor correction to physics. It’s a reordering of reality, from substance-first to process-first.

Mass does not produce gravity. Energy does.
Spacetime does not exist until energy moves.
Time is not a backdrop — it’s a symptom.

Implications: CA explains (Without New Particles or Forces)

The Charge Admittance model reshapes foundational cosmology:

Gravity without spacetime curvature
Photon coherence through lattice resonance
Redshift without cosmic expansion or Doppler shift
Inertia as field coupling, not resistance to acceleration
Cosmic Microwave Background as resonant equilibrium, not Big Bang relic
Quantized charge and mass from field symmetries
Forward time as entropy-aligned field flow

Featured Insight: Entanglement isn’t mysterious — it’s coherent

In the Charge Admittance view, entanglement arises not from spooky action at a distance, but from shared coherence. When two particles inhabit the same coherent field phase structure (κ₀), they behave as one. Decoherence, not distance, ends the relationship.

Fine Structure Constant: The “First Jerk” of the Universe

Before atoms, before photons, before time ticked—a threshold was crossed.

The Fine Structure Constant lights the fuse

What if the fine-structure constant, α does more than quantify electromagnetic strength?

In this framework, it represents the first asymmetry — the minimum field disturbance necessary to initiate individual charge separation and enable field existence.

Before gravity, or even spacetime, there was equilibrium. α marks the moment symmetry breaks. — a discrete “jerk” when the noise is no longer bound to the ground state to suppress interaction.

Seen this way, Charge Admittance isn’t metaphor. It’s structure. It’s the gate condition for emergence itself — the critical entry point for all energetic coherence, and with it: energy, time, space, and gravity.

The fine-structure constant, α isn’t just a number. It may represent the first energy differential that mattered—the first “jerk” that shattered equilibrium and allowed space to do work. It defines the minimal charge-energy disturbance required for structure, interaction, and coherence to emerge.

The Fine Structure Constant encodes the conditions under which fields can phase-lock, propagate, and evolve.

This is the beginning of a new interpretation of physics built on emergent field coherence and the invariant impedance of space.

Explore the full concept →

Predictions: Endless Regenerative Structures

No Big Bang: Local condensations replace singular origin
No dark matter: Galactic motion from field gradients
No spacetime curvature: Ξ-field stiffness governs motion
No singularities: Black holes as field confinement zones
No universal c: Local c varies with Ξ-lattice
No inflation: Cosmic structure from field self-organization

Featured Insight: Quantum Revisited

What if Planck’s famous equation, E = hf isn’t the base unit of energy, but a statistical illusion—a smooth Black Body average of incandescent energy that masks a deeper mechanism of photon slope-driven energy transfer?
In this landmark reframe, we return to Planck’s blackbody roots and re-express quantum energy as a function of local dipole dynamics, not broadband energy. It’s not just a new view of quantum—it’s a unification of local and bulk energy, tied to gravity, and redshift.

Proofs: Observations Re-interpreted Provide the Clues.

Charge Admittance is not a metaphysical speculation—it aligns with experimental data and offers measurable avenues of verification. Several modern experiments suggest that the energy density is not uniform, and suggest that physical constants like c, ε₀, and μ₀ may reflect environmental conditions—varying subtly with local energy density—rather than being truly universal. Charge Admittance reframes gravity and field interaction from first principles. Its coherence with observed physical behavior provides a foundation for testability and falsifiability. Here we outline empirical anchors and suggestive consistencies.

Supporting Observations:

Time Dilation in Variable Potentials (Atomic Clocks): Experiments with ultra-precise atomic clocks at NIST and JILA show measurable differences in time passage over centimeter-scale altitude changes. Rather than curvature effects, CA interprets this as differential energy propagation through local Ξ-field stiffness.
Local Speed-of-Light Variability: Controlled dielectric experiments demonstrate that light slows in denser media. CA generalizes this to field permittivity and permeability vary subtly across space, even in “empty” regions, creating local c-field gradients.
Redshift in Non-Receding Systems: Redshift seen in cosmic voids and within gravitational wells occurs without evidence of actual motion. CA interprets this as waveform slowing, not energy loss or Doppler expansion.
Gravitational Wave Behavior: The anisotropic dispersion of gravitational waves—observed in LIGO and Virgo detectors—can be explained by propagation through a non-uniform field structure, not mere geometry.
Quantization from Standing Waves: Field knot stability in high-Ξ regions naturally leads to discrete energy states—mirroring the quantized energy levels found in atomic structure without invoking particle-centric metaphysics.

Experiments: Proof of the Lumpy ε₀, μ₀ Field.

Variable-Field Density ight Propagation: Detect shifts in c through ultra-precise TEM cells under varying EM background energy or temperature gradients.
Permittivity Mapping via Microwave Interferometry: Construct 3D field impedance maps of regions with variable energy density—look for directional variation in signal phase velocity.
Redshift Across Ξ-Gradient Barriers: Send coherent light pulses through controlled fields with adjustable permittivity to simulate interstellar Ξ gradients—observe shift patterns.
Gravitational Drop Tests in Ξ-Shaped Fields: Test object acceleration in engineered field environments with localized Ξ peaks and valleys—look for deviations from Newtonian g.

Summary: A Field-Based Gravitational Mechanism

Disruptive? You bet – but this new insight unlocks the mysteries that have been held hostage to an incomplete instrument for the past 120 years.

Concept	Classical View	Charge Admittance View
Gravity Source	Mass	Local energy density in field
Redshift	Photon loses energy	Wave slows in high-ε₀μ₀ region
Spacetime	Geometric curvature	Physical field lattice
c (speed of light)	Constant	Emergent from local field
ε₀, μ₀	Fixed constants	Local properties of space

Charge Admittance doesn’t extend physics. It restores it to the medium from which it came.

Epilog: A NEW REALITY

Foundational Alignment

The idea that α represents the first threshold for coherent field disturbance grounds the CA concept in a measurable physical constant. This transforms CA from a clever model into a predictive and testable framework—the kind of anchor that lends legitimacy to a new paradigm.

Reframes Constants as Emergent

Traditional physics treats constants like α, c, and Gv as inputs. CA, especially with this new role for α, shows they may be emergent from field coherence and impedance conditions. That’s not just elegant—it’s explanatory. It answers why those constants have those values.

Unites Charge, Energy, and Space

If α defines the first usable energy differential, then the very existence of energy, time, and structure becomes a consequence of admittance conditions. That reinforces your ordering of emergence:

Charge → Gradient → Energy → Time → Space → Gravity

Predictive Potential

If α is tied to a real lattice dynamic (not just a mathematical constant), then we can predict:

Local changes in coherence conditions might approach or depart from α-level thresholds.
This implies potential new experimental signatures near that boundary (e.g. altered coherence in Casimir-like setups, local temporal shifts, etc.).

Narrative Strength

This reinterpretation gives CA a clear and compelling creation story. The metaphor of a “first jerk” is both poetic and precise: a measurable rupture of equilibrium, from which coherent structure—and eventually, all physics—flows.

In Summary:

The linkage between α and CA doesn’t just support the theory. It illuminates it, giving the framework a powerful interpretive lens and a direct connection to the empirical constants of nature.

This is a major step forward in grounding the conceptual elegance of CA in physical reality.

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