Numbers
Can numbers be seen as the driving force behind the intricate machinery of the universe be constants?
Constants are limits, not absolutes: Constants in mathematics serve as foundational pillars upon which mathematical models and theories are constructed. They are often perceived as immutable values representing fundamental properties or relationships within a given context. However, the concept of a constant implies stability or unchangingness, which may not always hold true in all scenarios. Instead, constants should be viewed as provisional placeholders, subject to refinement or revision based on evolving understanding or new observations.
For example, the speed of light, c, is a fundamental constant in the theory of relativity, derived from observations in vacuum conditions. However, in different mediums, such as air or water, the speed of light varies, challenging the notion of its absolute constancy. Similarly, mathematical constants like π are derived from idealized concepts and may require approximation in practical applications.
Thus, within the SEEP framework, constants in mathematics are regarded as valuable tools for describing and predicting phenomena but are also subject to scrutiny and adaptation as our understanding progresses. By embracing the dynamic nature of constants and acknowledging their contextual dependencies, we ensure the robustness and flexibility of mathematical models and theories in exploring the mysteries of the universe.
Introduction
Quantum Admittance (QA) proposes a novel approach to understanding the universe by emphasizing the importance of fundamental numerical relationships. These relationships are hypothesized to play a key role in bridging the gap between classical physics and a new theoretical framework. QA suggests a potential reevaluation of classical physical units, aiming to explore their origins and significance within this framework. By meticulously analyzing these numerical constants and variables, CA aspires to challenge current paradigms and offer fresh insights into the workings of the universe.
New Concept
Charge Admittance posits that, unlike present physics, physical constants—aside from natural ratios—are not fixed numbers carved in stone. Instead, they are related to physical or energy mechanisms that have limits to the values that can be obtained. These mechanisms operate within environments that can alter their values.
A typical example is the speed of light or the rate of gravitational attraction. In Charge Admittance, these values are asymptotic to some natural limit and are influenced by the environment of the permittivity (ε0) and permeability (μ0) of free space, which result from the existence of energy.
Ratios
Traditional constants, such as the speed of light (c), the permittivity (ε0), and permeability (μ0) of free space, are not immutable values but rather interdependent parameters governed by underlying mechanisms. These numbers are related to the speed of energy being subject to the acceleration of gravity – QA’s SEEP concept, similar to the idea of Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) used in chemistry.
QA challenges the notion of constants by proposing that, apart from a select few mathematical ratios, there are no true constants in the universe.
π (Pi)
Description: The ratio of a circle’s diameter to its circumference.
Value: π ≈ 3.1415926535
Status: Fundamental constant derived from geometric principles. Integral in geometry and trigonometry, π serves as a foundational constant in numerous mathematical and physical contexts.
e (Euler’s number)
Description: The base of natural logarithms.
Value: e ≈ 2.7182818284
Status: Fundamental constant derived from mathematical principles. e is ubiquitous in mathematical modeling, particularly in contexts involving growth and decay.
α (Fine-Structure ratio)
Description: A dimensionless constant representing the strength of electromagnetic interactions between elementary charged particles.
Value: α ≈ 0.00729735257
Status: Fundamental constant determined empirically from experiments in particle physics. Governs the behavior of charged particles in quantum electrodynamics and is crucial for understanding atomic and subatomic phenomena
Constants as variable limit values
CA posits what many see as constants manifest from complex interactions within the time and the energy domain are actually limits.
Our understanding of the universe is constantly evolving. Fundamental constants, once considered absolute, may exhibit variation under extreme conditions or with deeper investigation. Conversely, quantities initially thought to be variable might later be revealed to be constant within specific frameworks. The search for a comprehensive theory that unifies these concepts remains an ongoing challenge in physics. For example, Planck’s constant, although widely accepted as a fundamental constant, lacks a comprehensive understanding of its constancy. The other end of the scale is Schwarzschild’s Radius where time and energy disappear but somehow remain.
Note on abuse of constants: Just as altering the length of meters to accommodate a theory would distort our understanding of physical reality, adjusting time arbitrarily to suit a theory would compromise the integrity of our temporal measurements and interpretations. Consistency and integrity within scientific frameworks are paramount, ensuring alignment with empirical evidence and coherence with established principles.
k (Coulomb’s constant)
Description: Governs the magnitude of the electrostatic force between charged particles.
Value: k ≈ 8.987551792 × 109 N m2 C−2
Status: Empirically derived from experiments in electrostatics, fundamental for understanding electrical interactions.
J (Joule’s Constant)
Description: Denotes the energy per unit charge.
Value: J ≈ 6.24 × 1018 J C−1
Status: Empirically determined from experiments involving energy and electric charge, essential for various applications in electromagnetism.
e (Elementary Charge)
Description: Represents the fundamental unit of electric charge carried by an electron or proton.
Value: e ≈ −1.602176634 × 10−19 C
Status: Measured constant derived from experiments involving charge quantization and electron properties.
h (Planck’s Constant)
Description: Represents the fundamental unit of electric charge carried by an electron or proton.
Value: h ≈ 6.62607015 × 10−34 J s
Status: Empirically derived from experiments involving black-body radiation and the photoelectric effect, fundamental for understanding quantum phenomena.
Planck’s limit Explained: This spacing, equivalent to half the wavelength specified by the photon’s frequency, establishes the critical threshold beyond which the photon’s rotational speed cannot maintain phase relationships with the background permeability of free space.
Schwarzschild metric
Description: Developed by Karl Schwarzschild in 1916 as a solution to Einstein’s field equations of general relativity. Represents the Schwarzschild radius (r), which defines the size of the event horizon of a non-rotating black hole.
Value” r=2Gm/c2 which the mass (m) of an object to its Schwarzschild radius, gravitational constant (G), and the speed of light (c).
CA Value” r=2GVm/c2 which the mass (m) of an object to its Schwarzschild radius, gravitational constant (G), and the speed of light (c)
Then where m = (μ0 ε0)/e this becomes r = 2Gv((μ0 ε0)/e/(1/(μ0 ε0))
Reducing this r = 2GE/c4
Replacing G with Gv from Charge Admittancee where Gv= dc/dx
This becomes r = ((dc/dx) E))/c4
This equation shows the relationship between the Schwarzschild radius r, the derivative of the speed of light with respect to position dc/dx, energy E, and the speed of light c.
This substitution reflects the introduction of a variable speed of light. This perspective that deviates from the constant speed of light assumed in general relativity, and it leads to intriguing insights into the behavior of black holes and gravitational phenomena.
m (Meters)
Description: The fundamental unit of length in the International System of Units (SI).
Value: The distance traveled by light in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second.
Status: Declared constant (SI).
s (Time)
Description: A fundamental concept representing the progression of events or changes.
Value: seconds
Status: Intelligence-defined constant. Initially conceived as a linear progression, time serves as a reference point for organizing and understanding the universe’s evolution.
Variables (SEEP referenced)
μ0 (Permeability of Free Space)
Description: Represents the intrinsic property of space that determines its resistance to magnetic field lines.
Value: near infinity at event horizon (Swcharzchilds radius) of Black Hole
Value appears to approach infinite flux density near a maximum concentration of energy where the Charge Admittance gravitational constant approaches the speed of “c.”
Value: μ0 ≈ 1.256637062120 x 10−6 N A−2 at the surface of earth.
Value: μ0 ≈ 1.2566371021 x 10−6 N A−2 in deep space (SEEP)
Status: A measured variable defined as a fundamental constant in the International System of Units. Essential in defining the strength of magnetic fields and their interactions with electric currents, crucial for various electromagnetic phenomena.
ε0 (Permittivity of Free Space)
It is though a fact: If ε of vacuum (free space) be 0, then there would be infinite force between two objects kept in free space, and it is physically not possible.
Description: Defines the ability of a vacuum to permit the displacement of electric field lines.
Value: 3.76E+2 at event horizon (Swcharzchilds radius) of Black Hole
Value appears to become resistive with sign change as Charge Admittance gravitational constant approaches the speed of “c.”
Value: ε0 ≈ 8.8541878107 × 10−12 F m−1 at the surface of earth.
Value: ε0 ≈ 8.8541881698 × 10−12 F m−1 in deep space (SEEP)
Status: A measured variable defined as a fundamental constant in the International System of Units. Fundamental in defining the strength of electrostatic fields and their interactions with charged particles, crucial for various electromagnetic phenomena.
Description: Represents the intrinsic property of space that determines its resistance to magnetic field lines.
Description: Represents the maximum velocity at which energy can propagate through space.
The following speeds are those seen by an observer of incoming energy.
Value: c ≈ 2cs m/s at event horizon (Swcharzchild’s radius) of Black Hole
Value: c ≈ 299,792,458.04 (.0356) m/s at surface of earth (SI Declared)
Value: cs ≈ 299,792,448.19 m/s in deep space (SEEP)
Status: Computed variable: c= 1/√μ0ε0. Integral in theories such as relativity and quantum mechanics, defining the nature of space and time.
NOTE: SI declaration that fixes the value of the speed of light implicitly freezes the values of ε0 (permittivity of free space) and μ0 (permeability of free space) at the speed of light as measured in the gravitational potential observed at the surface of the Earth. This decision has far-reaching implications, as it effectively ties the fundamental constants ε0 and μ0 to the local conditions of Earth’s surface.
Charge Admittance Gv (Gravitational Rate)
Description: Gs represents the rate of gravitational acceleration within the framework of CA, which attributes gravity to changes in the rate of energy propagation in both physical and temporal dimensions.
Value: Gs ≈ near ∞ at event horizon (Swcharzchilds radius) of Black Hole
Value: Gs ≈ 9.8021475 m/s2 at the surface of earth.
Value: Gs ≈ 0 m/s2 in deep space (SEEP)
Status: Computed variable: c= 1/√μ0ε0. The value of Gs is computed based on changes in the rate of energy propagation, making it a dependent variable within the CA framework. Equivalent gravity, as described by CA, is postulated to arise from alterations in the velocity of energy propagation across spacetime.
The expression Gv= -dx/d√(ε0μ0). encapsulates this concept, where Gv represents changes in proper time and d√(ε0μ0) denotes variations in the square root of the product of the permittivity and permeability Reasoning: Determined through experimental methods and defined as the ratio of the magnetic permeability of in a vacuum on earth to the electric permittivity a vacuum on earth..
Y0 (The Admittance of Energy-Time)
Description: The characteristic impedance of free space, representing the intrinsic resistance of a vacuum on earth to the propagation of electromagnetic waves.
Value: Y0 ≈ 0.0026544 ℧ = 2.6544 milliMho
Status: Computed variable: Y0 = √ε0/μ0 = 1/Z0. Measured through experiments involving electromagnetism and electromagnetic wave propagation, providing insights into the behavior of electromagnetic fields in vacuum.
Z0 (The Impedance of Energy-Time)
Description: The characteristic impedance of free space, representing the intrinsic resistance of a vacuum on earth to the propagation of electromagnetic waves.
Value: Z0 ≈ 376.7303137 Ω
Status: Computed variable: Z0 = √μ0/ε0. Determined through experimental methods and defined as the ratio of the magnetic permeability of in a vacuum on earth to the electric permittivity a vacuum on earth.
μ0/ε0 (Impedance ratio at resonance”)
Description: The ratio of permeability to Permittivity to maintain wave resonance.
Value: μ0/ε0 ≈ 141,925.8836 NOTE: the square root of this is 376.703 = Z0
Status: Fundamental constant determined by mathematical examination of speed of light versus field factors. This value required to maintain fields at 90 degrees with respect to each other.
At zero degrees tilt (parallel resonance), where the electric and magnetic fields are aligned, the ratio μ0/ε0 tends towards infinity. This alignment leads to conditions of maximum energy storage, as the electric and magnetic fields reinforce each other, resulting in a resonant state. This resonance can have significant implications for energy transmission and wave propagation in specific mediums.
Conversely, at 180 degrees tilt (anti-parallel resonance), where the electric and magnetic fields are opposite in direction, the ratio μ0/ε0 tends towards zero. In this configuration, the electric and magnetic fields oppose each other, potentially leading to conditions of minimal energy storage. Understanding these extreme cases of resonance can provide insights into the behavior of electromagnetic waves in different environments and guide the development of novel technologies and applications.
Space Viscosity and Maxwell’s Formula:
Maxwell’s equation c = 1/√μ0ε0 highlights the relationship between the permittivity (ε0) and permeability (μ0) of free space, determining the speed of light c. However, in the context of Charge Admittance, this relationship extends to the concept of space viscosity.
The viscosity of space is influenced by the constant ratio of ε0μ0, the “impedance ratio at resonance”, which dictates how space resists or facilitates the propagation of energy. As energy traverses through space, variations in ε0 and μ0 affect its propagation speed. This is akin to a fluid’s viscosity impacting the flow rate; here, space’s viscosity modulates the speed at which energy moves through it. This understanding provides a deeper insight into the behavior of electromagnetic waves and energy propagation in varying gravitational fields, where space’s permittivity and permeability can change.
This ratio portends a slower speed of energy as ε0 and μ0 values increase from open space to near a black hole. This deceleration is a direct result of the increased space viscosity, analogous to how denser fluids slow down the flow of objects. The implication of this is profound: as energy approaches regions of extreme gravity, the viscosity of space increases, reducing the speed of energy and contributing to gravitational effects. This observation opens new dimensions in understanding how energy and space interact on a fundamental level.
This ratio means that traveling in a wave in a resonant field, half of a photon dipole’s energy is in the “past time” according to Lorentz’s “perfect time” concept. This observation highlights the temporal asymmetry inherent in resonant electromagnetic fields, where the distribution of energy between electric and magnetic components can influence the perception of time experienced by energy carriers like photons. Lorentz’s concept of “perfect time” suggests that within a resonant field, a portion of the photon’s energy may reside in what could be considered the “past,” reflecting the complex interplay between electromagnetic phenomena and temporal dynamics. Understanding the temporal aspects of resonant fields provides insights into the fundamental nature of energy-space and the behavior of energy within electromagnetic environments.