Introduction
Charge Admittance (CA) presents a novel framework for understanding the fundamental forces and properties of the universe. Building upon established principles, CA redefines our comprehension of Time, Energy, Gravity, and Space, offering a unified perspective that seeks to explain the behavior and interactions of particles, photons, and large-scale cosmic structures. Central to this framework is the understanding that the impedance and viscosity of space, dictated by the permittivity (ε0) and permeability (μ0) of free space, are crucial in understanding the propagation of energy and, most notably, the emergence of gravitational effects. This overview serves as an introduction to the foundational concepts of CA, with a particular focus on how it provides a deeper understanding of gravity, setting the stage for further exploration into related sub-concepts,
Abstract
Charge Admittance (CA) presents a groundbreaking approach to physics, proposing that the universe operates under a coherent set of principles rooted in charge dynamics, space impedance, and energy propagation. CA posits that space emerges from energy interactions within the ε0μ0 field, leading to a new understanding of gravitational phenomena and particle formation. By examining the interrelationships between Time, Energy, Gravity, and Space, CA provides a comprehensive model that challenges traditional notions and offers predictive power for future scientific inquiries. This section outlines the core tenets of CA, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize our understanding of gravity and the physical world.
History
The development of Charge Admittance theory is rooted in the groundbreaking work of key figures in the history of physics, whose collective insights have shaped our understanding of energy, matter, and the universe.
From Galileo’s early studies of free-falling bodies to Newton’s formulation of universal gravitation, and later Einstein’s revolutionary General Relativity, each development has been instrumental in refining our understanding of gravity through the concept of mass. Galileo demonstrated that objects fall at the same rate regardless of their mass, laying the groundwork for a universal law. Newton extended this by mathematically defining gravity as a force between masses, which depended on their mutual attraction.
Einstein then reconceptualized gravity entirely: in General Relativity, mass and energy distort spacetime, curving it and guiding objects along those curves rather than “pulling” them. In Einstein’s universe, gravity is no longer a force but the result of spacetime curvature caused by mass-energy distributions.
This progression—from Galileo’s mechanics, through Newton’s force law, to Einstein’s spacetime curvature—provides a backdrop for re-examining gravity in terms of energy densities and spatial characteristics. Charge Admittance now explores the potential that gravitational effects arise from energy flow through a dynamic, viscous medium shaped by gradients in ε0 and μ0, rather than spacetime curvature alone.
State of the Art
Current Understanding of Gravity and Spacetime
The contemporary understanding of gravity is primarily shaped by Einstein’s theory of General Relativity, which has been the cornerstone of gravitational physics for over a century. General Relativity describes gravity not as a force but as the curvature of spacetime caused by the presence of mass and energy. This framework has successfully explained a wide range of phenomena, from the bending of light around massive objects to the expansion of the universe. However, despite its successes, General Relativity has certain limitations and unresolved issues:
Incompatibility with Quantum Mechanics: General Relativity does not seamlessly integrate with quantum mechanics, leading to difficulties in describing gravity at extremely small scales, such as within black holes or during the early moments of the universe.
Dark Matter and Dark Energy: The theory requires the existence of dark matter and dark energy to explain cosmic phenomena such as galaxy rotation curves and the accelerated expansion of the universe. Yet, these entities remain undetected and poorly understood, raising questions about the completeness of the theory.
Singularities: General Relativity predicts the existence of singularities—points in space where density becomes infinite, such as the centers of black holes. These singularities represent breakdowns in the theory, where the laws of physics as we know them cease to apply.
Alternative Theories of Gravity: Alternative theories offer new perspectives, they currently lack empirical proofs to decisively challenge or replace General Relativity. It is our intention to advance a new one that can. CA does that using a rigorous method reserved for systems design!
Requirements
Rigorous Framework: CA theory must be mathematically rigorous and integrate smoothly with existing quantum mechanical and relativistic frameworks.
Quantization and Field Theory: The mathematical treatment of quantum dipoles, energy disturbances, and their interactions within the ε₀μ₀ field should be precise, aligning with quantum field theory and statistical mechanics.
Quantum Measurement: Predictions related to quantum phenomena must be testable through experiments, including observations of quantum entanglement, particle acceleration, and quantum tunneling.
Verification Protocols: Experiments should be designed to measure the signatures of quantum disturbances and their interactions with the ε₀μ₀ field, as well as verify the effects of quantum gravity and energy variability on particle behavior.
Integration of Quantum Mechanics and Relativity: CA theory should unify quantum mechanics with classical and relativistic physics, reconciling quantum effects with gravitational phenomena, energy dynamics, and space-time structure.
Novel Predictions: CA theory should generate novel predictions regarding quantum phenomena, such as the behavior of particles in varying energy fields, quantum transitions, and gravitational effects at the quantum scale.
Experimental Design: The theory’s predictive capability should guide the design of experiments and observations to reveal new aspects of quantum behavior or confirm theoretical predictions.
Extension of Established Theories: CA theory should build upon and extend the foundational insights provided by historical figures like Planck, Einstein, and Maxwell.
Theoretical Continuity: The theory must maintain continuity with established principles of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, and relativity.
Dynamic Universe Model: CA should posit a dynamic universe with continuous energy propagation, not a singular event-based model.
Consistency Across Scales: The principles of CA theory should apply consistently across different scales, from subatomic particles to cosmological structures.
These requirements provide a comprehensive framework for evaluating the validity and potential of the Charge Admittance theory. They ensure mathematical rigor, experimental testability, conceptual unification, predictive power, and alignment with historical insights.
Postulates
Fundamental Charge Quantum: Charge represents the fundamental energy differential required to activate physical processes.
Dynamic μ₀ε₀ Field: The μ0ε0 field is dynamic, influenced by energy disturbances and shaping the fabric of space.
Energy Disturbance and Propagation: Energy disturbances emerge from background noise and propagate through the μ0ε0 field, shaping quantum interactions and phenomena.
Charge Dipoles: Quantum dipoles, formed by charge differentials, are the fundamental units of energy and matter.
Energy Viscosity and Field Dynamics: The viscosity of space, derived from the μ0ε0 field, affects energy propagation and shapes gravitational effects.
Gravity and Energy Variability: Gravitational effects arise from variations in energy propagation speed within the μ0ε0 field.
Gravity and Energy Time and Energy Perception: Time is constant, but its perception is influenced by variations in energy propagation speed.
Unification of Physical Laws: CA aims to unify classical and quantum physics, providing a comprehensive understanding of the universe.
Law of Quantum Invariance: Fundamental quantum laws remain constant for all observers, regardless of their reference frame.
These postulates provide a foundation for exploring the applications of CA theory and its implications for understanding the universe.
CA Gravity Concept
Gravity as an Emergent Property of Energy Flow: In Charge Admittance (CA) theory, gravity is not a fundamental force but an emergent property arising from the dynamic interactions of energy within a structured cosmic lattice. Instead of acting as a force that draws objects together across a distance, gravity in CA emerges from the equilibration of energy within the lattice formed by the permittivity (ε0) and permeability (μ0) fields. This perspective redefines gravity as an effect driven by energy behavior within the fabric of space, rather than a force field or direct spacetime distortion.
What is gravity? Were faced with a perplexing trinity of interpretations:
Galileo — “Gravity is a force that acts on all objects, regardless of their mass.”
Newton — “Every particle attracts every other particle with a force proportional to the product of their masses.”
Einstein — “The curvature of spacetime is directly related to the energy and momentum of matter.”
Gravity from Energy Dynamics
Gravitational effects in CA arise from subtle variations in the speed of energy (c) as it moves through different regions of the energy lattice. These variations are modulated by the impedance and “viscosity” of space, determined by the electromagnetic properties of the vacuum, specifically μ0 and ε0. As energy encounters regions with varying permittivity and permeability, its propagation speed adjusts slightly, creating a gradient effect that manifests as gravitational acceleration.
Gravity as Equilibration of Energy
Unlike traditional interpretations that tie gravity to a force directed toward distant mass, CA posits that gravity emerges from the tendency of energy to equilibrate within the local ε0 and μ0 fields. These fields are established by the composite energy density of matter and energy over spatial and temporal scales. The speed of field updates—the speed of energy—is governed by ε0 and μ0. As the system seeks equilibrium, gradients in energy flow through these fields result in observable gravitational phenomena.
The “equilibration” of energy is a fundamental explanation that reframes gravity not as an attractive force directed toward a distant mass, but as the natural balancing of energy densities within the ε0 and μ0 fields. This equilibration occurs as energy redistributes to achieve a uniform state within the composite energy density field established by the surrounding energy distribution across space and time.
Gravity is the Result of Energy Entropy
In this context, gravity emerges from localized variations in the energy density, where regions of higher density exert influence on adjacent areas to normalize the overall distribution. The rate at which this equilibration propagates corresponds to the speed of energy, determined by the electromagnetic properties ε0 and μ0 fields. This concept unifies gravitational behavior with the dynamics of energy flow, presenting gravity as an effect of the continuous interplay within the electromagnetic lattice, rather than as a fundamental interaction tied to distant masses.
CA Gravity Mathematics
In the Charge Admittance (CA) model, gravitational acceleration emerges from the rate of change in the speed of energy with respect to distance. This relationship is captured in the CA Gravitational Acceleration Vector:
Gv = – dc/ dx
Where:
Gv represents the rate of gravitational acceleration vector,
dc represents the change in speed of energy,
dx represents the change in distance.
This equation emphasizes how gravitational acceleration emerges from the spatial “equilibrium gradient of energy. The speed of energy moving to equilibrium is set by local ε0 and μ0 fields as energy moves toward equilibrium. Changes in this speed is local gravitational constant.
This model ignores mass as a cause of gravity entirely and explains, at long last, Galileo’s findings.
Explanation of the Transition: To connect changes in energy speed with gravitational acceleration, consider: in classical mechanics, acceleration is defined as the change in velocity over time. Here, dc serves as an analog for velocity changes in energy flow, and dx aligns with spatial dimensions or time, representing a gradient effect in the energy lattice.
Verification of Correctness: In traditional physics, terms involving, c2 appear prominently in energy-mass equivalence and electromagnetism. Here, Gv2 could be interpreted as relating to changes in the energy propagation squared: Gv2= – (dc/dx)2, However, simplifying to: Gv= – dx/dc simplifies the relationship to a first-order derivative of energy speed with respect to distance, aligning with classical mechanics principles and the foundational ideas of Charge Admittance.
For more details on the concepts underlying this approach, see the notes section of this website. Subsections on Charge, The Energy Lattice, Energy Viscosity, and the Interconnection of Time, Energy, and Space Emergence provide further background and context.
Implications
Space as a Dynamic Medium: The CA framework posits that space is not a static backdrop, but rather a dynamic medium shaped by energy interactions. This insight provides a fresh perspective on phenomena such as dark energy and the expansion of the universe, suggesting that the properties of space are continuously influenced by energy distribution and movement.
Emergence of Space from Energy: Space is viewed as a construct evolving from energy interactions, challenging conventional notions of a pre-existing stage.
Unification of Quantum and Classical Realms: The CA framework serves as a bridge between quantum mechanics and classical physics, emphasizing the significance of space admittance and energy interactions across different scales.
Energy-Time Continuum: By incorporating Lorentz’s equations, this approach offers an enhanced understanding of how energy behaves in the continuum.
The Higg’s boson is not required: By offering a proven mechanism to link gravity to the acceleration of energy, no new particles or complex mathematical convolutions to connect them are required.
Consistency with Relativity: The CA framework is designed to maintain consistency with the established proofs of relativity, while offering a more nuanced understanding of energy, charge, and continuum dynamics. By integrating with existing physical theories, it validates itself within the context of established science, while its novel aspects provide a fresh perspective on energy and field dynamics.
Insights
The insights within the Charge Admittance framework represent a paradigm shift in our understanding of quantum mechanics, energy, and space. By redefining foundational concepts, CA challenges traditional views and opens new avenues for theoretical and applied physics. This could lead to technological advancements and a more unified theory that integrates quantum mechanics with macroscopic phenomena.
Big Bang and Expansion: CA challenges the singularity-based Big Bang model by explaining cosmic structure formation through charge-based energy interactions and varying expansion rates. Viscosity introduces resistance to expansion, leading to a more gradual and continuous cosmic evolution rather than a singular explosive event.
Self-Organization: The universe is seen as a self-organizing system influenced by charge interactions and the viscosity of space. This resistance affects energy accumulation and distribution, supporting the idea of an older and potentially infinite universe. Viscosity helps explain the steady formation of cosmic structures without relying on a fixed expansion timeline.
Scalability: Charge Admittance offers a novel perspective on cosmic scalability by suggesting that space has the inherent ability to form energy concentrations at various locations, not limited to singularities. This framework challenges the traditional Big Bang model by supporting a view where energy can continuously gather and organize throughout the universe. This continuous formation of energy structures is fundamental to understanding cosmic evolution and structure formation.
Redshift: In CA, redshift is attributed to the stretching of photons as they encounter gravitational effects during their propagation. Instead of being primarily a result of space’s expansion, this explanation focuses on how photons are influenced by gravitational fields, leading to longer wavelengths. This perspective offers an alternative to the Doppler effect, emphasizing gravitational interactions as a key factor in redshift.
Black Holes: In CA theory, black holes are characterized by dense energy concentrations with minimal energy speed and maximum viscosity. Unlike traditional models with singularities, CA views these regions as low-impedance areas where the influx of energy causes compression of energy rather than forming an event horizon.
Galactic Goldilocks Zone: CA theory introduces a new factor into the Drake equation, accounting for variability in energy speed, impedance, and viscosity. This factor suggests the existence of a “Goldilocks zone” within galaxies where conditions for life are optimal. This zone is determined by a balance between energy speed and gravitational effects, with viscosity playing a crucial role in defining habitable regions within galaxies where energy dynamics favor life.
Quantization of Gravity: In CA theory, gravity is quantized based on individual energy quanta rather than relying solely on mass. This approach suggests that gravitational interactions are linked to discrete energy levels, This principle, when aligned with Planck’s discovery of energy quantization, provides a quantifiable relationship between gravitational acceleration and energy.
Gravity as an Electromagnetic Artifact: Gravitational effects in CA theory arise from underlying electromagnetic interactions, with viscosity influencing how gravitational fields propagate. This implies that gravity, as an electromagnetic artifact, is affected by the resistance of space to energy movement.
Gravity is Focusable: The theory posits that gravitational fields, similar to electromagnetic fields, can be manipulated and focused. The viscosity of space plays a role in how these fields are controlled, potentially leading to advancements in space travel and energy generation.
Features
No New Particles Required: The Quantum Admittance (QA) theory provides a novel explanation of gravity without the need to introduce new particles. This approach contrasts with other contemporary theories that often rely on hypothetical particles to explain observed phenomena. QA adheres to the principle of simplicity, closely aligning with Occam’s Razor. By maintaining a minimalist framework, QA offers comprehensive explanations for complex cosmic phenomena while preserving the elegance and clarity of the model. This simplicity enhances its accessibility, making the theory intuitive for both specialists and generalists.
Retention of Fixed Constants: Unlike General Relativity, which occasionally requires the alteration of human-defined constants to accommodate varying conditions, the QA framework retains the integrity of established constants. QA leverages existing and well-proven foundational physics concepts to explain gravity, thus avoiding the necessity of converting constants into variables. This consistency with traditional physics strengthens the theory’s reliability and its potential integration with current scientific understanding.
Explanation of Gravity Waves: The QA theory offers a coherent and detailed explanation of gravity waves, describing them as ripples in energy concentration caused by the movement of energy. This insight into the dynamics of gravitational waves enhances the understanding of astrophysical events such as black hole mergers, neutron star collisions, and other significant cosmic occurrences. The QA framework’s explanation aligns with the observations of gravitational waves, supporting its validity.
Redshift Phenomena: QA provides a robust explanation for the redshift observed in cosmic phenomena, incorporating the concept of entropy and revisiting the principle of “tired light.” The theory posits that every time energy (in the form of photons) is accelerated, its wavelength stretches, leading to a gradual reduction in energy intensity over vast cosmic distances. This explanation of redshift through gravitational interactions and path lengthening is consistent with observed data, offering an alternative to traditional Doppler-based interpretations.
Compatibility with James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Observations: The predictions made by the QA framework align seamlessly with the latest observations from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). This compatibility with cutting-edge observational technology underscores the robustness of the QA theory and its applicability to real-world data, reaffirming its potential as a comprehensive framework for understanding the complexities of the universe.
Predicitions
Charge Admittance’s Theory’s explanation for gravity has significant consequences that impact our understanding of the structure and behavior of the universe. It offers explanations for phenomena that are currently not well understood. This new perspective opens up possibilities for fresh insights into long-regarded theories. While it is folly to depend on any model to 100% predict the future, it is likely that some may be more adept than others at predicting a range of possibilities. Using the CA Theory as a guide, here are a few ideas about the future:
The Speed of Energy: The CA Paradigm predicts that the speed of energy, or the baseline speed of light, might vary under different gravitational conditions. Using earth based closed circuit measurements showing a speed of energy at 299,792,458.26 m/s Z0 formulas place the speed of energy at the far reaches of empty space at 299,792,466.68 m/s.
No Big Bang: CA Theory aligns with general relativity’s space-time curvature without relying on singularities to explain the universe’s origins. Our current understanding of the universe is limited, as what we perceive is likely only a minute fraction of the vast expanse of space and time. In the context of an infinite space and time, we are left uncertain about whether the visible universe is reflective of the entirety of space, as it fails to adequately explain observed timelines and activities. The universe can exhibit its current structure without originating from a single point.
Galaxy Formation: Galaxies are structures that evolve from energy noise. Their formation is individual and mutually exclusive of any universe-wide event, such as the big bang. This insight emerges from the progression of expanding connections of quantum dipoles, reflecting a fundamental aspect of the Charge Admittance framework.
Galaxy Gradients: Galaxies as structures have energy gradients from their outer edge to their dense centers. These gradients regulate the speed of energy flow. At the outer edges of galaxies the energy floe is the highest approaching the free space limit designated as c. (this “c” is not the c measured here on earth but rather that calculated by the c at infinite distance from the surface of the earth. Be aware that energy seen from galaxies shows a tendency to be an average.
Reassessing Expansion: According to CA, gravitational lensing and energy interactions lead to progressive redshift as energy travels through space. This model is consistent with the hypothesis that longer distances result in more interactions and a stronger redshift. This implies that the existing structure of the cosmos may be explained without the presence of dark matter and energy. One can reassess the conventional theory of the universe’s redshift-induced expansion. The reduced energy of light from distant objects may not solely be caused by Doppler shift, necessitating alternative explanations for what we observe.
The Endless Universe: New and refined observations challenge some of our prevailing theories about the functioning of the universe, prompting us to question the accuracy of current observational methods. As our measurement capabilities improve, increasing sensitivity and bandwidth, it becomes evident that space has no physical limit, and there is no evidence supporting the existence of boundaries or times of origin.
Our current measurement capabilities lack a definitive reference, making it difficult to confirm some cosmological “constants,” traditionally represented by the speed of light (c). Moreover, the notion of an infinite and boundless cosmos within our perspective raises questions about the accuracy of certain features, such as observed abnormalities that have led to hypotheses involving extra (black) mass or energy.
Age of the Universe: CA Theory offers a paradigm-shifting perspective on the age of the universe. In this novel framework, the universe needs not to confined by a fixed age; rather, as an ongoing process where new structures and galaxies can continuously form. This departure from the traditional concept challenges us to rethink our understanding of cosmic timelines and the intricate interplay between energy, matter, and the evolution of the universe.
Size of Universe: Just as CA challenges conventional notions of the universe’s age, it also introduces a radical reimagining of its size. According to this model, the universe is not bound by a predetermined size, and the emergence of new structures and galaxies is an ever-present possibility. This dynamic perspective encourages us to envision a universe in a constant state of creation, where the boundaries of cosmic expansion are continually reshaped by the interplay of energy and space.
Gravity’s Dual Nature: CA theory’s exploration of gravity illuminates its dual nature, comprising static and dynamic effects. For static scenarios, objects with energy are subject to the “in situ” Z0 field, resulting in instantaneous gravitational influence.
Gravitational waves and equilibrium: In contrast, dynamic gravitational effects arise from the evolving Z0 field due to energy balancing, particularly through the propagation of gravitational waves as seen by LIGO. This perspective unveils the intricate complexity of gravity, where variations in energy density and speed create temporal disparities for different observers.
Support by new observations: The CA Theory has made accurate predictions that align with the observations of the Hubble and James Webb telescopes, providing insights into the broader cosmos. Notably, it explains gravitational waves as a consequence of energy rebalancing, as demonstrated by the detections made by LIGO. An intriguing finding from LIGO is the ability of gravitational energy to traverse frame borders, similar to electromagnetic energy. This further supports CA with the revelation that both EM energy and gravity waves move at the same speed.
Proofs
Galileo: Showed with is experiments of rolling balls of different mass down inclines that “mass” has nothing to do with the acceleration involved with gravity. It is ironic the first to experiment with gravity has the last word in proving a new theory. Galileo’s last words may have been:
“Alas, my lads, it’s a truth we now pass,
Through the ages, a challenge to class.
With each rolling sphere,
The conclusion is clear:
Gravity, my friends, is not from mass!” — Rod Mack
Experiments Supporting CA Predictions: Experiments testing energy propagation in different media can provide empirical support for CA’s predictions about space admittance and energy speed. Specifically, antennas where the mass of a conducting element has nothing to do with the bending of the energy fields. Only the length of the resonant element “matters,” — it isn’t the mass of the brass.
Z02 Constant: The Z02 constant, representing the ratio of ε0/μ0, offers a potential mathematical framework for validating CA by elucidating the relationship between impedance and energy propagation.
Observational Astronomy: Future observations with advanced telescopes can explore cosmic structures and energy distributions to validate CA’s interpretations.
Occam’s Razor: The validity of Charge Admittance is supported by a combination of mathematical foundations, empirical evidence, observational confirmation, and adherence to Occam’s Razor.
Experiments
Experiments for Verifying Charge Admittance
Controlled Impedance Interferometry: This experiment, “Controlled Impedance Interferometry,” is designed to measure gravitational redshift using a precise, fixed-position setup with two distinct arms: one horizontal and one vertical. The vertical arm exploits the gravitational gradient by sending a signal through two paths—one through a controlled impedance medium and the other as a wave propagating through a vacuum. By carefully comparing the transmission characteristics of these signals, we aim to isolate and quantify the influence of gravitational acceleration on signal propagation, particularly focusing on how gravitational redshift affects a wave traveling through a vacuum compared to one constrained by controlled impedance. This setup offers a unique opportunity to observe and analyze the differential impact of gravity on energy propagation, providing critical insights into the interaction between gravity and quantum-scale phenomena.
Measurement of Y0 Field Contours: This experiment is dedicated to investigating the variations in Y0 field contours, including their orientation and polarization, by measuring time discrepancies among atomic clocks placed at strategically different positions. By analyzing these time differences, we aim to map the Y0 field’s structure and better understand its influence on both temporal and spatial dimensions. This study could provide key insights into how the Y0 field interacts with other fundamental forces, contributing to our broader understanding of the quantum fabric of space.
Splitting of Photons to find Anti-Electrons: This experiment investigates the spontaneous disintegration of photons, a phenomenon that occurs trillions of times per second across the universe yet remains underexplored in formal experimentation. By examining the process of photon splitting, particularly as observed in electromagnetic wave interactions with antennas, we aim to identify and validate the fundamental components of the photon, including potential anti-electrons. This study focuses on how charge pairs within electromagnetic waves are separated into equal energy poles, which are then analyzed through transformers that are sensitive only to flux fields of opposing polarities, providing critical insights into the nature of photon disintegration.
Testing this hypothesis on the moon or in locations with varying gravitational accelerations, such as mountain tops, could reveal differences in the speed of light compared to our Earth-based measurements. These variations are anticipated based on the concept that gravitational acceleration influences the tilt or gradient in space, affecting the speed of energy. This prediction opens the door for experimental exploration beyond the confines of our planet, providing an exciting opportunity to further validate the CA’s insights into the nature of gravity and its impact on the fabric of spacetime.
Summary
In modern physics, General Relativity (GR) remains the foundational theory for understanding gravity. Its extensive experimental successes—such as gravitational lensing, time dilation, and the prediction of gravitational waves—testify to its robustness. Yet, GR also presents known limitations: it is incompatible with quantum mechanics, lacks a coherent account of dark matter and dark energy, and depends on additional constructs such as the Higgs boson to address gravitational phenomena.
Charge Admittance (CA) does not claim to replace GR but offers an alternative framework that could address some of these conceptual gaps. CA posits that energy, not spacetime curvature, underlies gravitational effects. By reimagining space as a dynamic energy-filled lattice with measurable viscosity, CA provides a structure where energy flows and field gradients drive observable phenomena. Planck’s constant, within this model, establishes the quantized nature of reality by defining minimal energy interactions.
Comparative Analysis
Foundations and Scope
General Relativity describes gravity as the result of mass curving spacetime, influencing the motion of objects across large scales, from stars to galactic clusters. It relies on the constancy of the speed of light within a spacetime continuum.
Charge Admittance, however, views gravity as emerging from changes in energy density within the lattice of space itself. Here, the speed of energy flow is variable, modulated by local energy density gradients. This interpretation suggests that gravitational effects result from changes in energy speed, aligning with classical field principles.
Time and Gravity
In General Relativity, time dilates near massive objects due to spacetime curvature. Time is treated as a flexible dimension that responds to mass-energy, leading to the warping effects observed as gravitational forces.
In Charge Admittance, time remains a fixed human-defined constant. The model instead posits that variations in field density alter the speed of energy, explaining gravitational acceleration without time dilation. This approach aligns with established equations, such as c = 1/√μ0ε0.
Mechanisms and Predictions
GR has successfully predicted phenomena like gravitational waves and black holes, verified through observational evidence from tools like the LIGO and Virgo observatories.
CA, while not yet experimentally verified to the same degree, provides predictions for gravitational waves as natural outcomes of energy equilibrium rather than distortions of spacetime. Additionally, CA offers a fresh perspective on galaxy formation and the structures observed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), proposing a continuously evolving universe without a singular origin point like the Big Bang.
Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and Entropy
GR postulates the existence of dark matter and dark energy to explain observed discrepancies in gravitational effects at galactic scales and the accelerating expansion of the universe.
CA does not require these constructs; instead, it attributes galactic rotation and expansion effects to energy field gradients within the lattice. Furthermore, CA addresses entropy through the concept of energy dissipation within the lattice, as evidenced by redshift in the passage of energy through space.
Conclusion and Future Inquiry
The differences between GR and CA underscore a fundamental question: Is gravity a property of spacetime curvature, or is it the result of energy dynamics within a structured field? This question challenges the assumed constancy of the speed of light and posits an alternative constant: the speed of energy, modifiable by environmental factors. Laboratory evidence of energy speed fluctuations supports the potential for a variable-energy-speed model.
Charge Admittance stands as a conceptual expansion on gravitational theory, reframing gravity within the context of energy mechanics rather than spacetime geometry. By reinterpreting gravitational effects as energy flow modulations, CA invites the scientific community to explore whether the universe’s structure and behavior can be more accurately described without the need for unobservable entities such as dark matter and dark energy. Future experimental work, particularly in extreme conditions and through advancing observational technologies, may reveal whether CA’s predictions align with observed reality.
In this way, CA offers a framework for ongoing inquiry, not as a replacement for General Relativity but as a potential refinement that could bridge the gap between classical and quantum perspectives on gravity.