Gravity Emerges From The Energy-Time Domain
Abstract
This document explores Charge Admittance (CA) as a framework for understanding gravitational interactions, energy propagation, and large-scale cosmological structures. It challenges conventional interpretations of General Relativity (GR) and proposes an alternative mechanism in which gravitational effects arise from charge interactions and energy impedance. This approach provides explanations for phenomena such as planetary orbital discrepancies, galactic morphology, and black hole dynamics.
Introduction
Charge Admittance (CA) presents a novel framework for understanding the fundamental forces and structure of the universe. By redefining the roles of Time, Energy, Gravity, and Space, CA offers a unified perspective on particle interactions, photon behavior, and large-scale cosmic structures. At the core of this model is the recognition that energy propagation is governed by impedance and viscosity in time, dictated by permittivity (ε0) and permeability (μ0). These factors influence the emergence of gravitational effects, challenging conventional mass-attraction models.
Unlike traditional gravitational theories that focus on mass-induced curvature of spacetime, CA posits that charge density variations create impedance barriers that regulate energy propagation and influence large-scale structure formation. Gravity, in this view, is not an inherent attraction between masses but an emergent property of charge-based interactions within a structured energy field. This perspective provides an alternative explanation for gravitational lensing, galactic rotation curves, and planetary orbital variations without requiring dark matter.
Additionally, CA suggests that photons are not discrete particles but descriptions of energy interactions in near-field conditions. A moving charge alters local impedance, redirecting energy flow and influencing surrounding charges. This redefinition better aligns with charge-field interactions and extends our understanding of electromagnetic radiation.
Furthermore, the self-organizing nature of charge densities in space challenges the notion of a single origin for the universe, replacing it with a model where galaxies arise independently in regions where charge noise allows for stable structures. This framework also reinterprets black holes as zones of extreme charge compression, where external charge fields dictate dynamics rather than singularities of mass-induced gravitational collapse.
This introduction outlines the foundational principles of CA, emphasizing its potential to provide a deeper and more coherent understanding of gravity, energy flow, and cosmological dynamics. The following sections will explore its implications for galactic structure, black holes, cosmic microwave background filaments, and experimental validation.
History
The development of Charge Admittance (CA) is rooted in the groundbreaking work of key figures in physics, whose collective insights have shaped our understanding of energy, matter, and the universe.
From Galileo’s early studies of free-falling bodies to Newton’s formulation of universal gravitation, and later Einstein’s General Relativity, each development refined the concept of gravity through the lens of mass. Galileo demonstrated that objects fall at the same rate regardless of their mass, establishing the foundation for a universal gravitational principle. Newton formalized this with his force law, describing gravity as an attraction between masses.
Einstein then revolutionized this view by introducing General Relativity, where mass and energy distort spacetime, guiding objects along curved geodesics rather than exerting a direct force. This shift from Newtonian mechanics to relativistic curvature provided explanations for orbital anomalies and light deflection but required time dilation and spacetime warping as fundamental constructs.
However, another key development in physics—Maxwell’s equations—introduced a deeper understanding of how charge and electromagnetic fields interact. Maxwell unified electricity and magnetism, demonstrating that electromagnetic waves propagate through space at a speed governed by permittivity (ε0) and permeability (μ0). His work provided a framework for understanding energy transmission independent of gravitational models.
Charge Admittance builds upon this foundation, proposing that gravitational effects emerge not from mass-induced curvature but from energy flow regulated by charge impedance and spatial admittance. By considering gravitational interactions as a result of charge density gradients in the ε0μ0 field, CA extends Maxwell’s principles to describe gravity as an emergent property of energy dynamics rather than a fundamental force. This perspective challenges the necessity of mass-driven curvature while offering alternative explanations for planetary orbital discrepancies, black hole behavior, and galactic structure formation.
State of the Art
The nature of gravity has been interpreted in distinct ways across history, presenting a challenge to reconcile the following perspectives:
Galileo: “Gravity is an acceleration that acts on all objects, regardless of their mass.”
Through experiments with inclined planes, Galileo demonstrated that gravitational acceleration is independent of an object’s mass.
Newton: “Every particle attracts every other particle with a force proportional to the product of their masses.”
Newton’s formulation provided a universal law of gravitation, introducing the concept of mass as the source of gravitational force.
Einstein: “The curvature of spacetime is directly related to the energy and momentum of matter.”
Einstein’s general relativity redefined gravity as a manifestation of spacetime curvature influenced by energy and momentum.
Current Understanding of Gravity and Spacetime: The contemporary understanding of gravity is primarily shaped by Einstein’s theory of General Relativity, which has been the cornerstone of gravitational physics for over a century. General Relativity describes gravity not as a force but as the curvature of spacetime caused by the presence of mass and energy. This framework has successfully explained a wide range of phenomena, from the bending of light around massive objects to the expansion of the universe. However, despite its successes, General Relativity has certain limitations and unresolved issues:
Incompatibility with Quantum Mechanics: General Relativity does not seamlessly integrate with quantum mechanics, leading to difficulties in describing gravity at extremely small scales, such as within black holes or during the early moments of the universe.
Dark Matter and Dark Energy: The theory requires the existence of dark matter and dark energy to explain cosmic phenomena such as galaxy rotation curves and the accelerated expansion of the universe. Yet, these entities remain undetected and poorly understood, raising questions about the completeness of the theory.
Singularities: General Relativity predicts the existence of singularities—points in space where density becomes infinite, such as the centers of black holes. These singularities represent breakdowns in the theory, where the laws of physics as we know them cease to apply.
Alternative Theories of Gravity
Alternative theories offer new perspectives, they currently lack empirical proofs to decisively challenge or replace General Relativity. It is our intention to advance a new one that can. CA does that using a rigorous method reserved for systems design!
Requirements
Rigorous Framework: CA theory must be mathematically rigorous and integrate smoothly with existing quantum mechanical and relativistic frameworks.
Quantization and Field Theory: The mathematical treatment of quantum dipoles, energy disturbances, and their interactions within the ε₀μ₀ field should be precise, aligning with quantum field theory and statistical mechanics.
Quantum Measurement: Predictions related to quantum phenomena must be testable through experiments, including observations of quantum entanglement, particle acceleration, and quantum tunneling.
Verification Protocols: Experiments should be designed to measure the signatures of quantum disturbances and their interactions with the ε₀μ₀ field, as well as verify the effects of quantum gravity and energy variability on particle behavior.
Integration of Quantum Mechanics and Relativity: CA theory should unify quantum mechanics with classical and relativistic physics, reconciling quantum effects with gravitational phenomena, energy dynamics, and space-time structure.
Novel Predictions: CA theory should generate novel predictions regarding quantum phenomena, such as the behavior of particles in varying energy fields, quantum transitions, and gravitational effects at the quantum scale.
Experimental Design: The theory’s predictive capability should guide the design of experiments and observations to reveal new aspects of quantum behavior or confirm theoretical predictions.
Extension of Established Theories: CA theory should build upon and extend the foundational insights provided by historical figures like Planck, Einstein, and Maxwell.
Theoretical Continuity: The theory must maintain continuity with established principles of quantum mechanics, electromagnetism, and relativity.
Dynamic Universe Model: CA should posit a dynamic universe with continuous energy propagation, not a singular event-based model.
Consistency Across Scales: The principles of CA theory should apply consistently across different scales, from subatomic particles to cosmological structures.
These requirements provide a comprehensive framework for evaluating the validity and potential of the Charge Admittance theory. They ensure mathematical rigor, experimental testability, conceptual unification, predictive power, and alignment with historical insights.
Postulates
Fundamental Charge Quantum: Charge represents the fundamental energy differential required to activate physical processes.
Dynamic μ0ε0 Field is a Property of time: The μ0ε0 field is influenced by energy disturbances shaping the viscosity of the time dimension. This
makes space emergent from energy flowing in time. The viscosity of time is dependent on the rate of flow of energy.
Energy Disturbance and Propagation: Energy disturbances emerge from background noise and propagate through the μ0ε0 field.
Gravity and Energy Variability: Gravitational effects arise from variations in energy propagation speed within the μ0ε0 field.
Gravity and Energy Time and Energy Perception: Time is constant, but its perception is influenced by variations in energy propagation speed.
Unification of Physical Laws: CA aims to unify classical and quantum physics, providing a comprehensive understanding of the universe.
Law of Quantum Invariance: Fundamental quantum laws remain constant for all observers, regardless of their reference frame.
These postulates provide a foundation for exploring the applications of CA theory and its implications for understanding the universe.
CA Gravity Concept
In the Charge Admittance (CA) framework, gravity is reinterpreted not as a result of spacetime curvature but as an emergent phenomenon arising from the dynamic behavior of energy flowing through the temporal domain. In this view, gravity is driven by charge fluctuations seeking equilibrium, with gradients in the electromagnetic parameters—permeability (μ0) and permittivity (ε0)—playing a central role. Traditionally considered properties of free space, μ₀ and ε₀ are here reframed as reflective of time-dependent energy dynamics. Consequently, Maxwell’s relation: c=1/μ0ε0 is interpreted not merely as a fixed spatial constant but as an expression of the underlying time–energy interplay. This perspective implies that space itself may be an emergent construct arising from the collective behavior of energy fluctuations within the energy–time domain.
Challenging Traditional Paradigms
The CA approach challenges conventional notions of gravity by shifting focus away from mass-induced spacetime curvature. Instead, it emphasizes the role of energy propagation and equilibration within the electromagnetic field. Several key ideas illustrate this shift:
Galileo Revisited: Galileo’s observations showed that gravitational acceleration is independent of mass. CA extends this insight by proposing that gravity originates from universal energy propagation mechanisms rather than being directly tied to mass. In other words, gravitational effects are seen as the outcome of energy redistribution within a cosmic lattice defined by μ0 and ε0.
This approach provides a deeper, energy-centric explanation of gravitational phenomena. It is ironic the first to experiment with gravity has the last word in proving a new theory. Galileo’s last words may have been:
“Alas, my lads, it’s a truth we now pass,
Through the ages, a challenge to class.
With each rolling sphere,
The conclusion is clear:
Gravity, my friends, is not from mass!” — Rod Mack
Newton Reinterpreted: With Einstein’s equation E=mc2, mass is understood as a condensed form of energy. In the CA framework, every quantum of energy perturbs the local electromagnetic environment—altering the effective values of μ0 and ε0—and thereby induces gravitational effects. Newton’s laws are thus reinterpreted in terms of energy-driven disturbances in the vacuum’s electromagnetic field.
Einstein’s General Relativity in a New Light: While General Relativity (GR) attributes gravity to the curvature of spacetime caused by mass–energy, the CA model interprets these phenomena as arising from gradients in the temporal structure of the vacuum. In this view, the apparent curvature is a manifestation of variations in the speed of energy propagation across regions with different electromagnetic “impedance.”
Gravity as an Emergent Property of Energy Flow: In CA theory, gravity is not considered a fundamental force but rather an emergent property resulting from the equilibration of energy within a structured cosmic lattice. This lattice is characterized by the electromagnetic properties μ0 and ε0. As energy moves through this lattice, its propagation speed—governed by the local values of μ0 and ε0—varies slightly. These subtle variations generate gradients that manifest as gravitational acceleration. Thus, gravity can be viewed as the natural tendency of energy to redistribute and equalize within the vacuum, rather than as a force that acts directly between masses..
CA Gravity Mathematics
Interacting Massless Energy Fields and Flux Path Dynamics
CA proposes that gravitational effects arise from energy flow rather than mass.
Experimental support comes from interactions between massless electromagnetic fields in vacuum, such as in directional antennas, resonant cavities, and Faraday Rotation.
These interactions demonstrate that energy density alone can create gravitational effects, aligning with CA’s premise that gravity emerges from structured energy propagation rather than mass-induced spacetime curvature.
New Paradigms in Electromagnetic Propagation: E=mc² Explained
Einstein’s energy-momentum equation:
E2 = m2 * c4 + p2 * c2
This equation accounts for both rest energy (mc²) and momentum-based energy (p²c²).
When considering massless energy flux (setting m=0), the equation simplifies to energy as a function of momentum and propagation speed.
Relativistic Energy Considerations:
The relativistic kinetic energy equation:
E = mc2 * (1 / sqrt(1 – (v2 / c2)) – 1)
If mass is eliminated as causal, then as velocity v approaches c, the denominator approaches zero, reinforcing the fundamental role of c in energy propagation:
if sqrt(1 – (v2 / c2)) -> 0
then E = mc2
Combining Einstein and Maxwell:
Einstein’s Equivalence Equation:
E = mc2
Maxwell’s Definition of Speed of Energy:
c2 = 1/μ0ε0
Rewriting Einstein’s Equation in Terms of Electromagnetic Properties:
E = m(1/μ0ε0)
This directly relates energy to the fundamental properties of free space (permittivity and permeability), eliminating the need for mass in gravitational considerations.
Clarifying the Acceleration:
In the CA model, gravitational acceleration is tied to the rate of change of the speed of energy propagation with respect to distance.
The formulation:
Gv= – dx/d√(ε0μ0)
Where:
Gv represents the rate of gravitational acceleration vector,
dx: Differential spatial displacement
μ0,ε0: Local field parameters influencing energy speed
This represents how gravitational effects result from variations in energy flow rather than from mass curvature.
Deriving the CA Gravitational Acceleration Vector:
Gv = – dc/ dt
Where:
dc: Change in speed of energy
dt: Change in distance/time
Reduction to Classical Mechanics:
Gv=dc/dt
This suggests that gravitational acceleration is the first-order derivative of energy speed with respect to spatial or time distance, analogous to acceleration in classical mechanics.
Gravity as an Energy Equilibrium Gradient
Key Concept: Gravity is not an attractive force but a byproduct of energy attempting to reach equilibrium.
The speed of energy in a region is governed by local permittivity (ε0) and permeability (μ0).
As energy propagates toward equilibrium, it establishes gradients that dictate gravitational acceleration.
This formulation eliminates mass as a gravitational cause, providing a direct explanation for Galileo’s findings that objects fall at the same rate independent of their mass.
Energy Equilibration and Entropy
Gravity in CA is linked to energy redistribution rather than spacetime curvature.
Higher energy density regions influence surrounding areas, leading to a natural energy flow gradient.
The speed of this redistribution process is controlled by μ0 and ε0, reinforcing CA’s position that gravity emerges from electromagnetic interactions rather than mass warping spacetime.
Key Takeaways
Gravity is the result of energy speed variations rather than mass attraction.
Gravitational acceleration is the derivative of energy propagation speed.
Energy naturally equilibrates due to permittivity/permeability variations, explaining large-scale structure formation without needing mass as a cause.
This framework directly aligns with Galileo’s mass-independence findings and provides a new perspective on gravitational mechanics.
Implications
Space as a Dynamic Medium: The Charge Admittance (CA) framework redefines space as a dynamic, evolving medium, shaped by the interplay of energy and time rather than a static stage. Variations in energy density alter the vacuum’s permittivity (ε0) and permeability (μ0), influencing the speed of light (c=1/ε0μ0) and reshaping the structure of space. This dynamic nature of space offers new explanations for cosmological phenomena, including dark energy and the universe’s expansion.
Emergence of Space from Energy: Space is presented as an emergent property arising from energy fluctuations in the time-charge domain. Higher energy densities create denser ε0μ0 fields, modulating energy dynamics and enabling the emergence of spatial structures. This perspective challenges traditional notions of a pre-existing spacetime continuum and suggests that space evolves continuously through energy interactions.
Energy-Time Continuum and Unified Dynamics: Incorporating Lorentz equations, the CA framework emphasizes the energy-time continuum, linking energy flow to gradients in ε0 and μ0. This approach not only aligns with relativity but also provides a deeper understanding of gravity, revealing it as a manifestation of moderated energy flow through dynamic field parameters. This insight unifies quantum mechanics and classical physics, bridging scales and offering a comprehensive view of energy behavior.
Insights into Cosmology
Big Bang and Expansion: The traditional singularity-based Big Bang model is challenged by the Charge Admittance (CA) framework, which reinterprets cosmic structure formation through charge-based energy interactions and variations in energy propagation rates. In this model, energy in time behaves as a structured medium with dynamic impedance, moderating expansion through local variations in ε0 and μ0. This framework eliminates the need for an initial singularity and instead supports a universe evolving through a continuous, structured process, where expansion is governed by the redistribution of energy density rather than a singular explosive event.
Self-Organization: The universe is conceptualized as a self-organizing system in which local charge interactions and variations in the ε₀μ₀ field structure govern the accumulation and distribution of energy. Instead of a rigid, predetermined expansion timeline, cosmic structures emerge dynamically through impedance-moderated charge interactions, allowing for a more organic and potentially infinite cosmological model. This perspective eliminates the need for strict initial conditions, instead proposing that energy structures continuously form and evolve in response to localized variations in charge permeability and admittance.
Scalability: Charge Admittance provides a novel perspective on cosmic scalability, proposing that space inherently supports the formation of energy concentrations through charge-based interactions rather than singularity-driven events. This challenges the traditional Big Bang narrative by suggesting that cosmic structure formation is an ongoing process governed by local charge dynamics. The ability of energy to accumulate and organize across space without requiring a primordial explosion implies that the universe may be in a state of continuous, structured evolution rather than a finite expansion from a single origin.
Redshift: In CA, redshift is attributed to the stretching of photons as they encounter gravitational effects during their propagation. Instead of being primarily a result of space’s expansion, this explanation focuses on how photons are influenced by gravitational fields, leading to longer wavelengths. This perspective offers an alternative to the Doppler effect, emphasizing gravitational interactions as a key factor in redshift.
Redshift: In CA theory, redshift is attributed to the interaction between propagating energy waves and variations in the ε₀μ₀ field, rather than being solely a consequence of universal expansion. Photons experience a gradual increase in wavelength as they traverse gravitational gradients, much like ocean waves stretching as they approach a shallow shoreline. This interpretation shifts the focus from a Doppler-like effect to a mechanism where energy wave impedance is modulated by gravitational influences, altering the speed of energy locally and stretching wavelengths accordingly. This suggests that cosmic redshift may be a cumulative effect of energy-wave interactions with field variations rather than a direct indicator of universal expansion.
Black Holes and CEPA: Under Charge Admittance, black holes are not singularities but rather regions of extreme energy compression, where local impedance reaches a maximum and the speed of energy propagation approaches zero. These regions, termed Charge Energy Permeability Admittance structures (CEPA), serve as storage zones for high-energy fields rather than points of infinite density. The event horizon is not an absolute boundary, but a transition zone where energy propagation is increasingly restricted due to the extreme modification of ε₀ and μ₀.
This framework resolves several paradoxes associated with black holes:
Information Paradox: Energy does not vanish but instead becomes trapped within an ever-expanding structured impedance barrier, preserving information in layered flux states.
No True Singularity: CEPA replaces the singularity with a structured energy-density gradient, preventing unphysical infinities.
Gravitational Lensing and Energy Retention: The extreme energy gradients near the CEPA core naturally create lensing effects while allowing for the long-term retention of field structures.
Rather than representing an endpoint for matter and energy, CEPAs function as dynamic energy reservoirs that influence galactic structure and cosmic evolution. This reinterpretation provides a coherent alternative to the conventional black hole model, reconciling gravitational effects with energy-based charge interactions.
Revised Understanding of Gravity
Quantization of Gravity: Gravity is treated as quantized, based on discrete energy quanta rather than continuous mass effects. This aligns gravitational behavior with Planck’s principles of energy quantization, offering a precise relationship between gravitational acceleration and energy.
Gravity as an Electromagnetic Artifact: Gravitational effects are viewed as emergent from electromagnetic interactions, with spatial viscosity influencing their propagation. This perspective simplifies gravity by grounding it in established electromagnetic principles.
Gravity is Focusable: The CA framework posits that gravitational fields, like electromagnetic fields, can be manipulated and focused. Spatial viscosity governs the controllability of these fields, opening possibilities for advancements in energy generation and space travel.
The Higg’s boson is not required: By offering a proven mechanism to link gravity to the acceleration of energy, no new particles or complex mathematical convolutions to connect them are required.
Galactic Goldilocks Zone: CA theory introduces a new factor into the Drake equation, accounting for variability in energy speed, impedance, and viscosity. This factor suggests the existence of a “Goldilocks zone” within galaxies where conditions for life are optimal. This zone is determined by a balance between energy speed and gravitational effects, with viscosity playing a crucial role in defining habitable regions within galaxies where energy dynamics favor life.
Technological and Theoretical Implications
Paradigm Shift: The Charge Admittance framework offers a paradigm shift with far-reaching implications for both theoretical physics and practical technology. It removes reliance on hypothetical constructs like the Higgs boson, grounding its principles in tested physical laws. By redefining space, gravity, and energy dynamics, CA provides fertile ground for developing a more unified physical theory and innovative technologies, such as gravitational control mechanisms and energy-efficient systems.
Consistency with Relativity: The CA framework is designed to maintain consistency with the established proofs of relativity, while offering a more nuanced understanding of energy, charge, and continuum dynamics. By integrating with existing physical theories, it validates itself within the context of established science, while its novel aspects provide a fresh perspective on energy and field dynamics.
New Insights: This perspective not only aligns with established science but also expands its boundaries, challenging conventional models and opening new avenues for exploring the universe’s fundamental nature.
Features
No New Particles Required: The Quantum Admittance (QA) theory provides a novel explanation of gravity without the need to introduce new particles. This approach contrasts with other contemporary theories that often rely on hypothetical particles to explain observed phenomena. QA adheres to the principle of simplicity, closely aligning with Occam’s Razor. By maintaining a minimalist framework, QA offers comprehensive explanations for complex cosmic phenomena while preserving the elegance and clarity of the model. This simplicity enhances its accessibility, making the theory intuitive for both specialists and generalists.
Retention of Fixed Constants: Unlike General Relativity, which occasionally requires the alteration of human-defined constants to accommodate varying conditions, the QA framework retains the integrity of established constants. QA leverages existing and well-proven foundational physics concepts to explain gravity, thus avoiding the necessity of converting constants into variables. This consistency with traditional physics strengthens the theory’s reliability and its potential integration with current scientific understanding.
Explanation of Gravity Waves: The QA theory offers a coherent and detailed explanation of gravity waves, describing them as ripples in energy concentration caused by the movement of energy. This insight into the dynamics of gravitational waves enhances the understanding of astrophysical events such as black hole mergers, neutron star collisions, and other significant cosmic occurrences. The QA framework’s explanation aligns with the observations of gravitational waves, supporting its validity.
Redshift Phenomena: QA provides a robust explanation for the redshift observed in cosmic phenomena, incorporating the concept of entropy and revisiting the principle of “tired light.” The theory posits that every time energy (in the form of photons) is accelerated, its wavelength stretches, leading to a gradual reduction in energy intensity over vast cosmic distances. This explanation of redshift through gravitational interactions and path lengthening is consistent with observed data, offering an alternative to traditional Doppler-based interpretations.
Compatibility with James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Observations: The predictions made by the QA framework align seamlessly with the latest observations from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). This compatibility with cutting-edge observational technology underscores the robustness of the QA theory and its applicability to real-world data, reaffirming its potential as a comprehensive framework for understanding the complexities of the universe.
Predicitions
Charge Admittance’s Theory’s explanation for gravity has significant consequences that impact our understanding of the structure and behavior of the universe. It offers explanations for phenomena that are currently not well understood. This new perspective opens up possibilities for fresh insights into long-regarded theories. While it is folly to depend on any model to 100% predict the future, it is likely that some may be more adept than others at predicting a range of possibilities. Using the CA Theory as a guide, here are a few ideas about the future:
The Speed of Energy: The CA Paradigm predicts that the speed of energy, or the baseline speed of light, might vary under different gravitational conditions. Using earth based closed circuit measurements showing a speed of energy at 299,792,458.26 m/s. Z0 formulas place the speed of energy at the far reaches of empty space at 299,792,466.68 m/s.
No Big Bang: CA Theory aligns with general relativity’s space-time curvature without relying on singularities to explain the universe’s origins. Our current understanding of the universe is limited, as what we perceive is likely only a minute fraction of the vast expanse of space and time. In the context of an infinite space and time, we are left uncertain about whether the visible universe is reflective of the entirety of space, as it fails to adequately explain observed timelines and activities. The universe can exhibit its current structure without originating from a single point.
Galaxy Formation: Galaxies are structures that evolve from energy noise. Their formation is individual and mutually exclusive of any universe-wide event, such as the big bang. This insight emerges from the progression of expanding connections of quantum dipoles, reflecting a fundamental aspect of the Charge Admittance framework.
Galaxy Gradients: Galaxies as structures have energy gradients from their outer edge to their dense centers. These gradients regulate the speed of energy flow. At the outer edges of galaxies the energy floe is the highest approaching the free space limit designated as c. (this “c” is not the c measured here on earth but rather that calculated by the c at infinite distance from the surface of the earth. Be aware that energy seen from galaxies shows a tendency to be an average.
Reassessing Expansion: According to CA, gravitational lensing and energy interactions lead to progressive redshift as energy travels through space. This model is consistent with the hypothesis that longer distances result in more interactions and a stronger redshift. This implies that the existing structure of the cosmos may be explained without the presence of dark matter and energy. One can reassess the conventional theory of the universe’s redshift-induced expansion. The reduced energy of light from distant objects may not solely be caused by Doppler shift, necessitating alternative explanations for what we observe.
The Endless Universe: New and refined observations challenge some of our prevailing theories about the functioning of the universe, prompting us to question the accuracy of current observational methods. As our measurement capabilities improve, increasing sensitivity and bandwidth, it becomes evident that space has no physical limit, and there is no evidence supporting the existence of boundaries or times of origin.
Our current measurement capabilities lack a definitive reference, making it difficult to confirm some cosmological “constants,” traditionally represented by the speed of light (c). Moreover, the notion of an infinite and boundless cosmos within our perspective raises questions about the accuracy of certain features, such as observed abnormalities that have led to hypotheses involving extra (black) mass or energy.
Age of the Universe: CA Theory offers a paradigm-shifting perspective on the age of the universe. In this novel framework, the universe needs not to confined by a fixed age; rather, as an ongoing process where new structures and galaxies can continuously form. This departure from the traditional concept challenges us to rethink our understanding of cosmic timelines and the intricate interplay between energy, matter, and the evolution of the universe.
Size of Universe: Just as CA challenges conventional notions of the universe’s age, it also introduces a radical reimagining of its size. According to this model, the universe is not bound by a predetermined size, and the emergence of new structures and galaxies is an ever-present possibility. This dynamic perspective encourages us to envision a universe in a constant state of creation, where the boundaries of cosmic expansion are continually reshaped by the interplay of energy and space.
Gravity’s Dual Nature: CA theory’s exploration of gravity illuminates its dual nature, comprising static and dynamic effects. For static scenarios, objects with energy are subject to the “in situ” Z0 field, resulting in instantaneous gravitational influence.
Gravitational waves and equilibrium: In contrast, dynamic gravitational effects arise from the evolving Z0 field due to energy balancing, particularly through the propagation of gravitational waves as seen by LIGO. This perspective unveils the intricate complexity of gravity, where variations in energy density and speed create temporal disparities for different observers.
Support by new observations: The CA Theory has made accurate predictions that align with the observations of the Hubble and James Webb telescopes, providing insights into the broader cosmos. Notably, it explains gravitational waves as a consequence of energy rebalancing, as demonstrated by the detections made by LIGO. An intriguing finding from LIGO is the ability of gravitational energy to traverse frame borders, similar to electromagnetic energy. This further supports CA with the revelation that both EM energy and gravity waves move at the same speed.
Proofs
Galileo: Showed with is experiments of rolling balls of different mass down inclines that “mass” has nothing to do with the acceleration involved with gravity.
Experiments Supporting CA Predictions: Experiments testing energy propagation in different media can provide empirical support for CA’s predictions about space admittance and energy speed. Specifically, antennas where the mass of a conducting element has nothing to do with the bending of the energy fields. Only the length of the resonant element “matters,” — it isn’t the mass of the brass.
Z02 Constant: The Z02 constant, representing the ratio of ε0/μ0, offers a potential mathematical framework for validating CA by elucidating the relationship between impedance and energy propagation.
Observational Astronomy: Future observations with advanced telescopes can explore cosmic structures and energy distributions to validate CA’s interpretations.
Occam’s Razor: The validity of Charge Admittance is supported by a combination of mathematical foundations, empirical evidence, observational confirmation, and adherence to Occam’s Razor.
Experiments
Experiments for Verifying Charge Admittance
Controlled Impedance Interferometry: This experiment, “Controlled Impedance Interferometry,” is designed to measure gravitational redshift using a precise, fixed-position setup with two distinct arms: one horizontal and one vertical. The vertical arm exploits the gravitational gradient by sending a signal through two paths—one through a controlled impedance medium and the other as a wave propagating through a vacuum. By carefully comparing the transmission characteristics of these signals, we aim to isolate and quantify the influence of gravitational acceleration on signal propagation, particularly focusing on how gravitational redshift affects a wave traveling through a vacuum compared to one constrained by controlled impedance. This setup offers a unique opportunity to observe and analyze the differential impact of gravity on energy propagation, providing critical insights into the interaction between gravity and quantum-scale phenomena.
Measurement of Y0 Field Contours: This experiment is dedicated to investigating the variations in Y0 field contours, including their orientation and polarization, by measuring time discrepancies among atomic clocks placed at strategically different positions. By analyzing these time differences, we aim to map the Y0 field’s structure and better understand its influence on both temporal and spatial dimensions. This study could provide key insights into how the Y0 field interacts with other fundamental forces, contributing to our broader understanding of the quantum fabric of space.
Splitting of Photons to find Anti-Electrons: This experiment investigates the spontaneous disintegration of photons, a phenomenon that occurs trillions of times per second across the universe yet remains underexplored in formal experimentation. By examining the process of photon splitting, particularly as observed in electromagnetic wave interactions with antennas, we aim to identify and validate the fundamental components of the photon, including potential anti-electrons. This study focuses on how charge pairs within electromagnetic waves are separated into equal energy poles, which are then analyzed through transformers that are sensitive only to flux fields of opposing polarities, providing critical insights into the nature of photon disintegration.
Testing this hypothesis on the moon or in locations with varying gravitational accelerations, such as mountain tops, could reveal differences in the speed of light compared to our Earth-based measurements. These variations are anticipated based on the concept that gravitational acceleration influences the tilt or gradient in space, affecting the speed of energy. This prediction opens the door for experimental exploration beyond the confines of our planet, providing an exciting opportunity to further validate the CA’s insights into the nature of gravity and its impact on the fabric of spacetime.
Summary
In modern physics, General Relativity (GR) remains the foundational theory for understanding gravity. Its extensive experimental successes—such as gravitational lensing, time dilation, and the prediction of gravitational waves—testify to its robustness. Yet, GR also presents known limitations: it is incompatible with quantum mechanics, lacks a coherent account of dark matter and dark energy, and depends on additional constructs such as the Higgs boson to address gravitational phenomena.
Charge Admittance (CA) does not claim to replace GR but offers an alternative framework that could address some of these conceptual gaps. CA posits that energy, not spacetime curvature, underlies gravitational effects. By reimagining space as a dynamic energy-filled lattice with measurable viscosity, CA provides a structure where energy flows and field gradients drive observable phenomena. Planck’s constant, within this model, establishes the quantized nature of reality by defining minimal energy interactions.
Comparative Analysis
Foundations and Scope
General Relativity describes gravity as the result of mass curving spacetime, influencing the motion of objects across large scales, from stars to galactic clusters. It relies on the constancy of the speed of light within a spacetime continuum.
Charge Admittance, however, views gravity as emerging from changes in energy density within the lattice of space itself. Here, the speed of energy flow is variable, modulated by local energy density gradients. This interpretation suggests that gravitational effects result from changes in energy speed, aligning with classical field principles.
Time and Gravity
In General Relativity, time dilates near massive objects due to spacetime curvature. Time is treated as a flexible dimension that responds to mass-energy, leading to the warping effects observed as gravitational forces.
In Charge Admittance, time remains a fixed human-defined constant. The model instead posits that variations in field density alter the speed of energy, explaining gravitational acceleration without time dilation. This approach aligns with established equations, such as c = 1/√μ0ε0.
Mechanisms and Predictions
GR has successfully predicted phenomena like gravitational waves and black holes, verified through observational evidence from tools like the LIGO and Virgo observatories.
CA, while not yet experimentally verified to the same degree, provides predictions for gravitational waves as natural outcomes of energy equilibrium rather than distortions of spacetime. Additionally, CA offers a fresh perspective on galaxy formation and the structures observed by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), proposing a continuously evolving universe without a singular origin point like the Big Bang.
Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and Entropy
GR postulates the existence of dark matter and dark energy to explain observed discrepancies in gravitational effects at galactic scales and the accelerating expansion of the universe.
CA does not require these constructs; instead, it attributes galactic rotation and expansion effects to energy field gradients within the lattice. Furthermore, CA addresses entropy through the concept of energy dissipation within the lattice, as evidenced by redshift in the passage of energy through space.
Conclusion and Future Inquiry
The differences between GR and CA underscore a fundamental question: Is gravity a property of spacetime curvature, or is it the result of energy dynamics within a structured field? This question challenges the assumed constancy of the speed of light and posits an alternative constant: the speed of energy, modifiable by environmental factors. Laboratory evidence of energy speed fluctuations supports the potential for a variable-energy-speed model.
Charge Admittance stands as a conceptual expansion on gravitational theory, reframing gravity within the context of energy mechanics rather than spacetime geometry. By reinterpreting gravitational effects as energy flow modulations, CA invites the scientific community to explore whether the universe’s structure and behavior can be more accurately described without the need for unobservable entities such as dark matter and dark energy. Future experimental work, particularly in extreme conditions and through advancing observational technologies, may reveal whether CA’s predictions align with observed reality.
In this way, CA offers a framework for ongoing inquiry, not as a replacement for General Relativity but as a potential refinement that could bridge the gap between classical and quantum perspectives on gravity.